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PERF 558 is the oldest surviving Arabic papyrus, found in Heracleopolis in Egypt, and is also the oldest dated Arabic text using the Islamic era. It is a bilingual Arabic-Greek fragment, consisting of a tax receipt, or as it puts it "Document concerning the delivery of sheep to the Magarites and other people who arrived, as a down-payment of the taxes of the first indiction." Features of interest include: * The first well-attested use of the disambiguating dots that would become an essential feature of the Arabic alphabet; * It begins with the Greek formula "ev onomati tou teou" (In the Name of God) after a Sign of the Cross * It records the date both in the Islamic calendar (Jumada I, year 22) and in the Alexandrian calendar (30 Pharmouthi, 1st indiction), corresponding with 25 April 643 in the Julian calendar. * In Greek, it calls the Arabs "Magaritae", a term, believed to be related to the Arabic "muhajir" often used in the earliest non-Islamic sources. It also calls them "Saracens". After excavation, the papyrus was put in the Erzherzog Rainer Papyrus Collection in Vienna. ==Arabic text== Dots and hamzas added; otherwise, spelling uncorrected. #بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم هذا ما اخذ عبد اله #ابن جبر واصحبه من الجزر من اهنس #من خليفة تدراق ابن ابو قير الاصغر ومن خليفة اصطفر ابن ابو قير الاكبر خمسين شاة #من الجزر وخمس عشرة شاة اخرى اجزرها اصحاب سفنه وكتئبه وثقلاءه في #شهر جمدى الاولى من سنة اثنين وعشرين وكتبه ابن حديدو #In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. This is what `Abdallah, # Son of Jabir, and his companions-in-arms, have taken as of slaughter sheep at Heracleopolis (Ihnas) # from a representative of Theodorakios (Tidraq), second son of Apa Kyros (Abu Qir), and from a substitute of Christophoros (Istufur), eldest son of Apa Kyros (Abu Qir), fifty sheep # as of slaughter and fifteen other sheep. He gave them for slaughter for the crew of his vessels, as well as his cavalry and his breastplated infantry in # the month of Jumada I in the year twenty-two. Written by Ibn Hadidu. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「PERF 558」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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